Genetic Diversity in Merozoite Surface Protein.1 of Plasmodium falciparum in Highlands: Wamena Papua Indonesia

Abstract

Malaria is the first killer as well as endemic disease in highland, lowland and coastal areas of Papua. In 2016 there were 160 thousands cases noted and 80% of the cases were caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Total sample for this study were provided by a clinical trial conducted from May to June 2018 in the regional hospital of Puncak Jaya, Wamena, located in the highland region of Papua. Positive blood samples was collected in a ethylene diaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) tube. DNA was extracted using method of Geneaid Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Blood/Cultured Cell). The primary reactions used a set of primer corresponding to the conserved regions of block 2 of msp1. The second reactions primer set targets specific allelic families of msp1 (K1, MAD20 and RO33). All polymerase chain reaction amplicons were analyzed by electrophoresis in a 1.0% agarose gel. A total of 26 blood samples of positive P. falciparum were analyzed, 24 (93.2%) were successfully amplified for msp1. The MAD20 allelic family was predominant with 20.8% (8/24), followed by the RO33 allelic family with 8.2% (2/24) and the K1 allelic family with 1/24 (4.2%). The frequency of single allele is 11/24 (45.8%) while multi-allele are 16/24 (66.7%) with K1/RO33, MAD20/RO33, K1/MAD20/RO33 respectively 2/24 (8.3%), 8/24 (33.3%) and 6/24 (25%).